RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a anatomia foliar e o comportamento fisiológico de plantas de capim-braquiária (Urochloa decumbens) submetidas a diferentes condições hídricas e com a aplicação do herbicida sethoxydim. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, constituído de um fatorial 3 x 2, sendo a combinação de três manejos hídricos (-0,03, -0,07 e -1,5 MPa) com e sem a aplicação do herbicida sethoxydim + óleo mineral Assist, na dose recomendada para a espécie (184 g i.a. ha 1). Os parâmetros fisiológicos e anatômicos avaliados foram: taxa fotossintética, condutância estomática, transpiração, diferença entre temperatura ambiente e foliar, massa seca das plantas, espessura das células buliformes, da epiderme adaxial e epiderme total. Nas condições em que o experimento foi realizado, verifica-se que as folhas de capim-braquiária apresentaram epiderme unisseriada e mesofilo homogêneo, com distribuição radiada das células parenquimáticas ao redor dos feixes vasculares. A epiderme adaxial apresentou células buliformes, e os feixes vasculares são do tipo colateral e estão presentes em diversos tamanhos. O estresse hídrico influenciou negativamente na eficiência do herbicida, bem como diminuiu todos os parâmetros fisiológicos. A aplicação do herbicida ocasionou modificações anatômicas em plantas sem estresse hídrico (-0,03 MPa), como limitação no crescimento das células da epiderme e das células buliformes e na espessura total das folhas. No entanto, nos tratamentos com estresse (-0,07 e -1,5 MPa) não houve diferenças na anatomia foliar; apenas ocorreu aumento na espessura total da folha, provavelmente reflexo das condições de estresse hídrico ao qual as plantas foram submetidas.

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to analyze the leaf anatomy and physiological behavior of Brachiaria grass plants (Urochloa decumbens) under different water conditions and with the application of sethoxydim herbicide. The used experimental design was the completely randomized one, with four replications, consisting of a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with the combination of three water managements (-0.03, -0.07 and -1.5 MPa) with and without the application of sethoxydim herbicide + Assist mineral oil, at the recommended dose for the species (184 g a.i. ha-1). The assessed physiological and anatomicalal parameters were photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, difference between leaf and room temperature, dry mass of plants, thickness of bulliform cells, adaxial and total epidermis. Under the conditions in which the experiment was conducted, it appears that Brachiaria grass leaves showed uniseriate epidermis, homogenous mesophyll, with radiated distribution of parenchymal cells around the vascular bundles. The adaxial epidermis presented bulliform cells; the vascular bundles are collateral and are present in different sizes. Water stress had a negative influence on herbicide effectiveness and decreased all physiological parameters. The application of the herbicide caused anatomical changes in plants with no water stress (-0.03 MPa), such as limitations in the growth of epidermic and bulliform cells, and in the total leaf thickness. However, in treatments with stress (-0.07 and -1.5 MPa), there were no differences in leaf anatomy, but an increase in the total thickness of leaves, probably as a result of the water stress conditions to which plants were submitted..

Myosin Va functions as a processive, actin-based motor molecule highly enriched in the nervous system, which transports and/or tethers organelles, vesicles, and mRNA and protein translation machinery. Mutation of myosin Va leads to Griscelli disease that is associated with severe neurological deficits and a short life span. Despite playing a critical role in development, the expression of myosin Va in the central nervous system throughout the human life span has not been reported. To address this issue, the cerebellar expression of myosin Va from newborns to elderly humans was studied by immunohistochemistry using an affinity-purified anti-myosin Va antibody. Myosin Va was expressed at all ages from the 10th postnatal day to the 98th year of life, in molecular, Purkinje and granular cerebellar layers. Cerebellar myosin Va expression did not differ essentially in localization or intensity from childhood to old age, except during the postnatal developmental period. Structures resembling granules and climbing fibers in Purkinje cells were deeply stained. In dentate neurons, long processes were deeply stained by anti-myosin Va, as were punctate nuclear structures. During the first postnatal year, myosin Va was differentially expressed in the external granular layer (EGL). In the EGL, proliferating prospective granule cells were not stained by anti-myosin Va antibody. In contrast, premigratory granule cells in the EGL stained moderately. Granule cells exhibiting a migratory profile in the molecular layer were also moderately stained. In conclusion, neuronal myosin Va is developmentally regulated, and appears to be required for cerebellar function from early postnatal life to senescence.

The objective of this study was to observe possible interactions between the renin-angiotensin and nitrergic systems in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in newborn piglets. Thirteen chronically instrumented newborn piglets (6.3 ± 0.9 days; 2369 ± 491 g) were randomly assigned to receive saline (placebo, P) or the AT1 receptor (AT1-R) blocker L-158,809 (L) during 6 days of hypoxia (FiO2 = 0.12). During hypoxia, pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa; P < 0.0001), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR; P < 0.02) and the pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance ratio (PVR/SVR; P < 0.05) were significantly attenuated in the L (N = 7) group compared to the P group (N = 6). Western blot analysis of lung proteins showed a significant decrease of endothelial NOS (eNOS) in both P and L animals, and of AT1-R in P animals during hypoxia compared to normoxic animals (C group, N = 5; P < 0.01 for all groups). AT1-R tended to decrease in L animals. Inducible NOS (iNOS) did not differ among P, L, and C animals and iNOS immunohistochemical staining in macrophages was significantly more intense in L than in P animals (P < 0.01). The vascular endothelium showed moderate or strong eNOS and AT1-R staining. Macrophages and pneumocytes showed moderate or strong iNOS and AT1-R staining, but C animals showed weak iNOS and AT1-R staining. Macrophages of L and P animals showed moderate and weak AT2-R staining, respectively, but the endothelium of all groups only showed weak staining. In conclusion, pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic hypoxia in newborn piglets is partially attenuated by AT1-R blockade. We suggest that AT1-R blockade might act through AT2-R and/or Mas receptors and the nitrergic system in the lungs of hypoxemic newborn piglets.

Myosin Va is an actin-based, processive molecular motor protein highly enriched in the nervous tissue of vertebrates. It has been associated with processes of cellular motility, which include organelle transport and neurite outgrowth. The in vivo expression of myosin Va protein in the developing nervous system of mammals has not yet been reported. We describe here the immunolocalization of myosin Va in the developing rat hippocampus. Coronal sections of the embryonic and postnatal rat hippocampus were probed with an affinity-purified, polyclonal anti-myosin Va antibody. Myosin Va was localized in the cytoplasm of granule cells in the dentate gyrus and of pyramidal cells in Ammon's horn formation. Myosin Va expression changed during development, being higher in differentiating rather than already differentiated granule and pyramidal cells. Some of these cells presented a typical migratory profile, while others resembled neurons that were in the process of differentiation. Myosin Va was also transiently expressed in fibers present in the fimbria. Myosin Va was not detected in germinative matrices of the hippocampus proper or of the dentate gyrus. In conclusion, myosin Va expression in both granule and pyramidal cells showed both position and time dependency during hippocampal development, indicating that this motor protein is under developmental regulation.

The aim of this study is to discuss complementary therapies in Brazil looking towards comprehensive individual care and the nurse’s professional inclusion in this practice. The biomedical model is based in the traditional medical vision, taking into account only biological factors. The interest in complementary therapies as opposed to the present model and allopathic practices is on the increase, and the general population has shown a growing interest in them. These practices aim essentially at comprehensive care, promoting the assisted individual’s health. In 2006 the Brazilian Ministry of Health implemented the National Policy of Comprehensive and Complementary Practices in the Unified Health System seeking comprehensive care. Because nursing aims at the individual’s comprehensive care, complementary therapies coincide with this view, reshaping the idea the professional has about the individual, seeing him as a whole and indivisible being.

O objetivo desta reflexão é discutir o uso das terapias complementares no Brasil, visando um atendimento integral ao indivíduo e a inserção do profissional enfermeiro nestas práticas. O modelo biomédico é embasado pela visão médica tradicional, considerando apenas fatores biológicos. O interesse pelas terapias complementares contrapondo-se ao modelo e as práticas alopáticas vêm ampliando-se, sendo cada vez mais procuradas por todas as camadas da população. Estas têm como um dos seus objetivos o atendimento integral, promovendo a saúde do indivíduo assistido. Em 2006 no Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde implementou a Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares no Sistema Único de Saúde, em busca desta integralidade. Devido à enfermagem buscar o atendimento integral do indivíduo. As terapias complementares vêm ao encontro com deste discurso, modificando a visão que o profissional tem sobre o indivíduo, vendo-o com um ser total e não compartimentalizado.

El objetivo de esta reflexión es discutir el uso de las terapias complementarias en Brasil cara a una atención integral al individuo y la inserción del profesional enfermero en estas prácticas. El modelo biomédico se basa en la visión médica tradicional, considerando sólo factores biológicos. El interés por las terapias complementarias contraponiéndose al modelo y a las prácticas alopáticas ha ido ampliándose y son cada vez más demandadas por todas las capas de la población. Éstas tienen como uno de sus objetivos la atención integral, promoviendo la salud del individuo asistido. En 2006, en Brasil, el Ministerio de la Salud implantó la Política Nacional de Prácticas Integrativas y Complementarias en un Sistema Único de Salud en busca de esta integralidad. Debiendo la enfermería buscar la atención integral del individuo, las terapias complementarias vienen al encuentro de este discurso, modificando la visión que el profesional tiene acerca del individuo, viéndolo como un ser total y no como un ser fragmentario.